Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that originates in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow and can invade the blood. CML stands out as one of the more manageable forms of cancer, largely thanks to revolutionary advancements in targeted therapies and regular monitoring. However, the perception that CML is ‘good cancer’, while understandable, can be misleading. CML remains a serious condition that demands vigilant management, careful monitoring, and timely medical interventions to ensure the disease does not progress into more aggressive stages.
Dr Rabindra Kumar jena, Professor and BMT Physician, Department of Clinical Haematology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Odisha “To effectively manage CML, it’s crucial to keep a close eye on how the disease is progressing. This involves regular checks of BCR-ABL levels to guide treatment decisions. By staying in touch with your doctor, you can ensure that treatment plans are adjusted as needed. This approach helps to manage the challenges of CML and maintain a good quality of life throughout the treatment process.”The Role of BCR-ABL Testing in CML Management
BCR-ABL testing is at the heart of CML monitoring. This test measures the levels of a specific abnormal protein created by the fusion of two genes, BCR and ABL. This protein is responsible for driving the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells seen in CML. Measuring the levels of BCR-ABL in the blood helps doctors assess how well the patient’s treatment is working. Low levels of BCR-ABL indicate that the treatment is keeping the cancer under control, while rising levels could signal that the therapy is losing its effectiveness.
The treatment landscape for CML has changed drastically over the past few decades. In the early 2000s, the introduction of TKIs was a groundbreaking development. Before TKIs, treatment options for CML were limited and often involved more aggressive therapies such as chemotherapy or bone marrow transplants.Today, there are several different targeted therapies available, each with varying degrees of effectiveness and side effects. The key to managing CML effectively lies in finding the right treatment for each individual patient.
Despite the success of TKIs, some patients may experience resistance or intolerance to these drugs. Resistance occurs when the leukemia cells no longer respond to the treatment, leading to an increase in BCR-ABL levels. Intolerance, on the other hand, refers to the development of side effects that make it difficult for patients to continue with their current treatment. Both resistance and intolerance are significant factors in determining whether a patient may need to switch to a different therapy or consider more aggressive interventions.
As patients progress through different lines of therapy, maintaining both efficacy and tolerability becomes a primary concern. In the later lines of CML treatment, newer drugs that go beyond TKIs may offer an enhanced balance between safety and efficacy, making it possible to manage the disease while still preserving a high quality of life (QoL).
Living well with CML is not about assuming that the disease will always remain under control; it’s about being proactive and vigilant. Regular BCR-ABL testing, personalized treatment plans, and consistent monitoring are the cornerstones of effective CML management. By staying ahead of the disease through timely interventions and maintaining an open dialogue with doctors about treatment goals, individuals with CML can continue to lead fulfilling lives while keeping the condition in check. Ultimately, quality care combined with vigilance allows for a more confident and empowered approach to living with CML.